På denne dag: 21. desember
Utforsk avgjørende hendelser, vitenskapelige sprang og historiske vendepunkter. Med kildekritisk merking for antikke og kalenderusatte datoer.
1124: Historisk hendelse
Lamberto Scannabecchi was elected pope, taking the name Honorius II.
1620: Historisk hendelse
The Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower landed at present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, to establish the Plymouth Colony.
1826: Historisk hendelse
Settlers from the United States in Mexican Texas made the first attempt to secede from Mexico, establishing the short-lived Republic of Fredonia.
1844: Historisk hendelse
The Rochdale Pioneers opened their store (pictured) in Rochdale, England, forming the basis for the modern co-operative movement.
1872: Historisk hendelse
HMS Challenger departed Portsmouth on a scientific expedition that laid the foundations of oceanography.
1879: Historisk hendelse
the fictional character of Nora Helmer is first portrayed by Betty Hennings (pictured) at a showing of A Doll's House at the Royal Danish Theatre.
1911: Historisk hendelse
Moscow's Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception was consecrated.
1919: Historisk hendelse
After serving two years in prison for encouraging people to resist military conscription, anarchist Emma Goldman was deported from the United States to Russia.
1923: Historisk hendelse
Nepal and the United Kingdom signed the first treaty that defined the international status of Nepal as an independent and a sovereign nation.
1934: Historisk hendelse
Lieutenant Kijé, the first film composition by Sergei Prokofiev (pictured), premiered.
1937: Historisk hendelse
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length cel-animated feature in film history, premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles.
1963: Historisk hendelse
An attempt by Greek Cypriot police to search certain Turkish Cypriot women in Nicosia escalated into island-wide violence, leading to 538 deaths and the displacement of nearly 27,000 people.
1965: Historisk hendelse
The United Nations adopted the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which 88 member states have since signed.
1968: Historisk hendelse
Apollo 8 launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on a trajectory to the Moon; its crew (pictured) became the first humans to visit another celestial body.
1988: Historisk hendelse
The world's heaviest aircraft, the Antonov An-225 Mriya, made its first flight.
1988: Historisk hendelse
A bomb on board Pan Am Flight 103 detonated over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 270 people.
1994: Historisk hendelse
Mexico's Popocatépetl volcano, dormant for 47 years, began erupting, and is now one of the nation's most active volcanoes.
1995: Historisk hendelse
In accordance with the Oslo II Accord, Israeli troops withdrew from Bethlehem in preparation for the transfer of control to the Palestinian National Authority.
2012: Historisk hendelse
Countries that were part of the Maya civilization celebrated the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar.
2018: Historisk hendelse
Operatives of the British Special Boat Service boarded the container ship Grande Tema in the Thames Estuary to detain four stowaways who had threatened the crew.
🔍 Om kildene og historisk datering
Å tidfeste hendelser tusenvis av år tilbake i tid er en krevende historievitenskapelig oppgave. Før innføringen av den julianske kalenderen (45 f.Kr.) og den gregorianske kalenderen (1582) benyttet ulike sivilisasjoner (romere, grekere, kinesere, babylonere) vidt forskjellige kalendersystemer basert på månesykluser eller lokale embetsperioder.
Slik merker vi dateringene:
• ✓ Sikker datering: Dokumentert i samtidige protokoller, offisielle traktater eller etter standardiserte kalendersystemer.
• ⚠️ Usikker / estimert: Hendelsen er historisk reell, men datoen er tradisjonell, basert på senere krøniker eller lunisolare omregninger.
- Wikimedia Foundation – Wikipedia On This Day arkiver og historiske registre.
- Store norske leksikon (SNL) – Norsk og internasjonal historie, biografier og årstallsverifisering.
- Encyclopædia Britannica – Verifisering av antikke slag, fredsavtaler og statsdannelser.
- NASA Historical Logs & Science Missions – Romfartshistoriske datoer og oppskytningstelemetri.