På denne dag: 13. desember
Utforsk avgjørende hendelser, vitenskapelige sprang og historiske vendepunkter. Med kildekritisk merking for antikke og kalenderusatte datoer.
1294: Historisk hendelse
Saint Celestine V resigned the papacy after only five months to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit.
1577: Historisk hendelse
Francis Drake set sail from Plymouth, England, on his round-the-world voyage.
1643: Historisk hendelse
First English Civil War: Roundhead forces under Sir William Waller led a successful surprise attack in Hampshire on a winter garrison of Cavalier infantry and cavalry.
1769: Historisk hendelse
Dartmouth College (campus pictured) was established by royal charter in present-day Hanover, New Hampshire.
1809: Historisk hendelse
Napoleonic Wars: While transporting supplies to Guadeloupe, French commodore François
1862: Historisk hendelse
American Civil War: Union forces under Ambrose Burnside suffered severe casualties against entrenched Confederate defenders at the Battle of Fredericksburg in Virginia.
1928: Historisk hendelse
An American in Paris, a jazz-influenced orchestral piece by George Gershwin, premiered at Carnegie Hall in New York.
1937: Historisk hendelse
Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces, capturing the Chinese city of Nanjing, began committing numerous atrocities over the next several weeks, including looting, rape and the execution of prisoners of war and civilians.
1957: Historisk hendelse
A 6.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Iranian Hamadan province, killing at least 1,130 people.
1960: Historisk hendelse
With Haile Selassie (pictured), Emperor of Ethiopia, out of the country, four conspirators staged a coup attempt to install Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen on the throne.
1981: Historisk hendelse
Polish prime minister Wojciech Jaruzelski (pictured) declared martial law.
1989: Historisk hendelse
The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army engaged in a fierce firefight with the King's Own Scottish Borderers at a vehicle checkpoint complex in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.
1991: Historisk hendelse
Croatian War of Independence: The Croatian Army retreated after the failure of Operation Whirlwind, destroying their tanks to avoid their capture.
2011: Historisk hendelse
A man threw grenades and fired a rifle at crowds in Liège, Belgium, causing 6 deaths and injuring more than 120 others, before killing himself.
2013: Historisk hendelse
Beyoncé (pictured) released her fifth studio album without any prior announcement or promotion; it sold 2.3 million copies before the end of the year.
2019: Historisk hendelse
Jo Swinson (pictured) steps down as Leader of the Liberal Democrats after losing her seat in the 2019 general election making her tenure the shortest in the party's history.
🔍 Om kildene og historisk datering
Å tidfeste hendelser tusenvis av år tilbake i tid er en krevende historievitenskapelig oppgave. Før innføringen av den julianske kalenderen (45 f.Kr.) og den gregorianske kalenderen (1582) benyttet ulike sivilisasjoner (romere, grekere, kinesere, babylonere) vidt forskjellige kalendersystemer basert på månesykluser eller lokale embetsperioder.
Slik merker vi dateringene:
• ✓ Sikker datering: Dokumentert i samtidige protokoller, offisielle traktater eller etter standardiserte kalendersystemer.
• ⚠️ Usikker / estimert: Hendelsen er historisk reell, men datoen er tradisjonell, basert på senere krøniker eller lunisolare omregninger.
- Wikimedia Foundation – Wikipedia On This Day arkiver og historiske registre.
- Store norske leksikon (SNL) – Norsk og internasjonal historie, biografier og årstallsverifisering.
- Encyclopædia Britannica – Verifisering av antikke slag, fredsavtaler og statsdannelser.
- NASA Historical Logs & Science Missions – Romfartshistoriske datoer og oppskytningstelemetri.