På denne dag: 2. desember
Utforsk avgjørende hendelser, vitenskapelige sprang og historiske vendepunkter. Med kildekritisk merking for antikke og kalenderusatte datoer.
1823: Historisk hendelse
U.S. president James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine, a proclamation of opposition to European colonialism in the New World.
1899: Historisk hendelse
Philippine–American War: A 60-man Filipino rearguard was defeated at the Battle of Tirad Pass, but delayed the American advance long enough to ensure President Emilio Aguinaldo's escape.
1919: Historisk hendelse
Ukrainian Bolsheviks led by Mykhailo Polonsky attempted to assassinate Nestor Makhno, as part of the Polonsky conspiracy.
1927: Historisk hendelse
The Ford Motor Company introduced the second version of the Model A (pictured), its first new model in 18 years.
1942: Historisk hendelse
Manhattan Project scientists led by Enrico Fermi initiated the first self-sustaining chain reaction in the experimental nuclear reactor Chicago Pile-1.
1943: Historisk hendelse
World War II: The Luftwaffe conducted a surprise air raid on Allied ships in Bari, Italy, sinking twenty-eight vessels and releasing one ship's secret cargo of mustard gas.
1950: Historisk hendelse
Korean War: UN forces began a retreat from North Korea following defeat at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River.
1954: Historisk hendelse
The United States Senate voted of 67 to 22 to approve a resolution condemning Senator Joseph McCarthy who continued to serve in the Senate until his death two and a half years later.
1956: Historisk hendelse
Cuban Revolution: The yacht Granma, carrying Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and 80 other members of the 26th of July Movement, reached the shores of Cuba.
1962: Historisk hendelse
Returning from a fact-finding mission, U.S. senator Mike Mansfield became the first American official to comment adversely on the progress of the Vietnam War.
1988: Historisk hendelse
Benazir Bhutto (pictured) took office as Prime Minister of Pakistan, becoming the first woman to head the government of a Muslim-majority state.
1989: Historisk hendelse
The Malayan Communist Party and the Malaysian government signed a peace accord to end a 21-year communist insurgency.
2001: Historisk hendelse
Less than two months after disclosing accounting violations, the Texas-based energy firm Enron filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, evaporating nearly $11 billion in shareholder wealth.
2015: Historisk hendelse
In San Bernardino, California, a married couple carried out a mass shooting at a Christmas party before fleeing and dying in a shootout with police.
2016: Historisk hendelse
Thirty-six people died when a fire broke out at an illegally converted warehouse in Oakland, California, the deadliest U.S. building fire since 2003.
🔍 Om kildene og historisk datering
Å tidfeste hendelser tusenvis av år tilbake i tid er en krevende historievitenskapelig oppgave. Før innføringen av den julianske kalenderen (45 f.Kr.) og den gregorianske kalenderen (1582) benyttet ulike sivilisasjoner (romere, grekere, kinesere, babylonere) vidt forskjellige kalendersystemer basert på månesykluser eller lokale embetsperioder.
Slik merker vi dateringene:
• ✓ Sikker datering: Dokumentert i samtidige protokoller, offisielle traktater eller etter standardiserte kalendersystemer.
• ⚠️ Usikker / estimert: Hendelsen er historisk reell, men datoen er tradisjonell, basert på senere krøniker eller lunisolare omregninger.
- Wikimedia Foundation – Wikipedia On This Day arkiver og historiske registre.
- Store norske leksikon (SNL) – Norsk og internasjonal historie, biografier og årstallsverifisering.
- Encyclopædia Britannica – Verifisering av antikke slag, fredsavtaler og statsdannelser.
- NASA Historical Logs & Science Missions – Romfartshistoriske datoer og oppskytningstelemetri.