På denne dag: 31. mai
Utforsk avgjørende hendelser, vitenskapelige sprang og historiske vendepunkter. Med kildekritisk merking for antikke og kalenderusatte datoer.
455: Historisk hendelse
Petronius Maximus, the ruler of the Western Roman Empire, was stoned to death by a mob as he fled Rome before Vandal forces arrived and sacked the city.
1215: Historisk hendelse
A Mongol army under Genghis Khan captured Zhongdu (modern Beijing), the capital of the Jin dynasty of China.
1223: Historisk hendelse
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': Mongol forces defeated a Kievan Rus' army at the Battle of the Kalka River in present-day Ukraine.
1293: Historisk hendelse
Majapahit forces under Raden Wijaya won a major victory in the Mongol invasion of Java, now considered to be the founding date of the Indonesian city of Surabaya.
1468: Historisk hendelse
Cardinal Bessarion announced his donation of 746 Greek and Latin codices to the Republic of Venice, forming the Biblioteca Marciana.
1775: Historisk hendelse
American Revolution: The Committee of Safety of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, adopted the Mecklenburg Resolves, which annulled and vacated all laws originating from the authority of the king or the Parliament of Great Britain.
1862: Historisk hendelse
American Civil War: Confederate troops under Joseph E. Johnston and G. W. Smith engaged Union forces under George B. McClellan at the Battle of Seven Pines outside Richmond, Virginia.
1902: Historisk hendelse
The Second Boer War came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging in Pretoria, South Africa.
1935: Historisk hendelse
A magnitude-7.7 earthquake struck Balochistan in British India, now part of Pakistan, killing between 30,000 and 60,000 people
1941: Historisk hendelse
World War II: German forces dropped four bombs on neutral Ireland, killing 28 people and damaging Áras an Uachtaráin, the residence of the President of Ireland.
1981: Historisk hendelse
An organized mob of police and government-sponsored Sinhalese paramilitary forces began three days of attacks that led to the burning of the Jaffna Public Library (renovated building pictured) in Sri Lanka, destroying more than 97,000 items in one of the most violent 20th-century examples of ethnic biblioclasm.
2009: Historisk hendelse
American physician George Tiller, one of the few doctors in the country who performed late-term abortions, was shot and killed by Scott Roeder, an anti-abortion activist.
2013: Historisk hendelse
An extremely large, powerful, and erratic tornado struck Central Oklahoma, killing eight people and injuring more than 150 others.
2017: Historisk hendelse
A car bomb exploded near the German embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, killing more than 90 people and injuring 463 others.
2019: Historisk hendelse
A shooting at a municipal building in Virginia Beach, United States, left 13 people dead, including the gunman, and injured four others.
🔍 Om kildene og historisk datering
Å tidfeste hendelser tusenvis av år tilbake i tid er en krevende historievitenskapelig oppgave. Før innføringen av den julianske kalenderen (45 f.Kr.) og den gregorianske kalenderen (1582) benyttet ulike sivilisasjoner (romere, grekere, kinesere, babylonere) vidt forskjellige kalendersystemer basert på månesykluser eller lokale embetsperioder.
Slik merker vi dateringene:
• ✓ Sikker datering: Dokumentert i samtidige protokoller, offisielle traktater eller etter standardiserte kalendersystemer.
• ⚠️ Usikker / estimert: Hendelsen er historisk reell, men datoen er tradisjonell, basert på senere krøniker eller lunisolare omregninger.
- Wikimedia Foundation – Wikipedia On This Day arkiver og historiske registre.
- Store norske leksikon (SNL) – Norsk og internasjonal historie, biografier og årstallsverifisering.
- Encyclopædia Britannica – Verifisering av antikke slag, fredsavtaler og statsdannelser.
- NASA Historical Logs & Science Missions – Romfartshistoriske datoer og oppskytningstelemetri.