På denne dag: 31. mars
Utforsk avgjørende hendelser, vitenskapelige sprang og historiske vendepunkter. Med kildekritisk merking for antikke og kalenderusatte datoer.
1146: Historisk hendelse
French abbot Bernard of Clairvaux preached a sermon to a crowd at a council in Vézelay, with King Louis VII in attendance, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade.
1174: Historisk hendelse
A conspiracy against Saladin, aiming to restore the Fatimid Caliphate, was revealed in Cairo.
1492: Historisk hendelse
Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile sign the Alhambra Decree, ordering all Jews to convert to Christianity or be expelled from the country.
1521: Historisk hendelse
Ferdinand Magellan and members of his crew participated in the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines.
1761: Historisk hendelse
Lisbon experienced its second major earthquake in six years, with effects felt as far north as Scotland.
1800: Historisk hendelse
After fighting through the night, the French Navy ship of the line Guillaume Tell surrendered to a British squadron in the Malta Channel.
1854: Historisk hendelse
U.S. Navy Commodore Matthew C. Perry (Japanese depiction pictured) and the Tokugawa shogunate signed the Convention of Kanagawa, forcing the opening of Japanese ports to American trade.
1899: Historisk hendelse
Philippine–American War: Malolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic, was captured by American forces.
1901: Historisk hendelse
A magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck the Black Sea, the most powerful ever recorded in the area.
1910: Historisk hendelse
Six English towns amalgamated to form a single county borough called Stoke-on-Trent, the first union of its type.
1913: Historisk hendelse
Arnold Schoenberg conducted the Vienna Concert Society in a concert of expressionist music that so shocked the audience that they began to riot.
1921: Historisk hendelse
The Australian Air Force was formed, replacing the short-lived Australian Air Corps and separating it from the Army.
1930: Historisk hendelse
To avoid government censorship, Hollywood movie studios instituted their own set of industry censorship guidelines, popularly known as the Hays Code.
1942: Historisk hendelse
Second World War: Because of a mutiny by Indian soldiers against their British officers, Japanese troops captured Christmas Island without any resistance.
1959: Historisk hendelse
After a two-week escape journey from Tibet, the 14th Dalai Lama reached the Tawang Monastery in Arunachal Pradesh in India.
1964: Historisk hendelse
The Brazilian Armed Forces overthrew President João Goulart, establishing a military dictatorship that lasted 21 years.
1986: Historisk hendelse
Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940 crashed into the Sierra Madre Oriental near Maravatío, killing 167 people.
1992: Historisk hendelse
USS Missouri, the last active United States Navy battleship, was decommissioned in Long Beach, California.
1995: Historisk hendelse
American singer-songwriter Selena, known as the "queen of Tejano music", was murdered by the president of her fan club, Yolanda Saldívar, in Corpus Christi, Texas, deeply affecting the Latino community.
1995: Historisk hendelse
TAROM Flight 371 (pictured) crashed near Balotești, Romania, killing all 60 people on board.
2004: Historisk hendelse
The Old National Library Building in Singapore was closed to make way for a tunnel, despite widespread protests.
2018: Historisk hendelse
Nikol Pashinyan began his protest walk, starting in the city of Gyumri, opening the 2018 Armenian revolution.
2023: Historisk hendelse
A tornado caused the collapse of a venue hosting a sold-out concert in Belvidere, Illinois, United States, resulting in one death and 48 injuries.
🔍 Om kildene og historisk datering
Å tidfeste hendelser tusenvis av år tilbake i tid er en krevende historievitenskapelig oppgave. Før innføringen av den julianske kalenderen (45 f.Kr.) og den gregorianske kalenderen (1582) benyttet ulike sivilisasjoner (romere, grekere, kinesere, babylonere) vidt forskjellige kalendersystemer basert på månesykluser eller lokale embetsperioder.
Slik merker vi dateringene:
• ✓ Sikker datering: Dokumentert i samtidige protokoller, offisielle traktater eller etter standardiserte kalendersystemer.
• ⚠️ Usikker / estimert: Hendelsen er historisk reell, men datoen er tradisjonell, basert på senere krøniker eller lunisolare omregninger.
- Wikimedia Foundation – Wikipedia On This Day arkiver og historiske registre.
- Store norske leksikon (SNL) – Norsk og internasjonal historie, biografier og årstallsverifisering.
- Encyclopædia Britannica – Verifisering av antikke slag, fredsavtaler og statsdannelser.
- NASA Historical Logs & Science Missions – Romfartshistoriske datoer og oppskytningstelemetri.